Forced induction completely rewriting the rules of engine displacement. By forcing compressed air into the combustion chamber, a 2.0-liter engine can easily produce the power of a naturally aspirated 4.0-liter V8.
A turbocharger consists of two halves: a turbine driven by the engine's exhaust gases, and a compressor that pulls in fresh air. It is essentially an air pump that runs on waste energy.
However, this compression generates immense heat. Hot air is less dense and prone to premature detonation (knock). This is why intercoolers are essential; they cool the compressed charge air before it enters the engine, maximizing density and safety.
